Jordan: Middle Eastern Gateway with Investment Citizenship

Jordan, the Hashemite Kingdom bridging the Levant and Arabian Peninsula, offers political stability in a volatile region combined with educated workforce and strategic market access. The country has positioned itself as a business-friendly destination with growing fintech ambitions while maintaining its cultural heritage and moderate governance.

Living in Jordan

With a population of approximately 11 million, Jordan provides a unique blend of ancient history and modern development. Arabic is the official language, though English is widely spoken in business and educated circles. Amman, the capital, offers cosmopolitan amenities with a lower cost of living than Gulf neighbors.

Healthcare is well-developed, with Jordan serving as a medical tourism destination for the region. Private hospitals in Amman meet international standards. The climate is Mediterranean in the highlands and desert in the east, with hot summers and mild winters in Amman.

Safety is excellent by regional standards, with Jordan maintaining stability despite surrounding conflicts. The cost of living is moderate, with affordable housing and dining options. The expatriate community is substantial, particularly in Amman. Cultural life includes ancient sites like Petra and Jerash, vibrant food culture, and access to the Dead Sea and Red Sea.

Doing Business in Jordan

Corporate tax rates stand at 20% for most sectors, with higher rates for banks (35%) and telecommunications (24%). Personal income tax is progressive up to 30%. Sales tax applies at 16% on most goods and services. Capital gains are generally not taxed separately, flowing through as ordinary income.

The Jordanian Dinar (JOD) is pegged to the US Dollar at approximately 0.71:1, providing currency stability. Some foreign exchange controls exist but are manageable for legitimate business operations. Jordan has over 40 double tax treaties and is a member of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area.

Company Formation and Registration

Company registration through the Companies Control Department requires standard documentation and typically takes 2-3 weeks. Limited liability companies (LLC) are the most common structure for foreign investors. Foreign ownership is permitted at 100% for most sectors, though some restrictions apply to trading, transport, and certain services.

Minimum capital requirements are modest, and at least two shareholders are required for an LLC. A general manager must be appointed, who need not be Jordanian. Annual audit requirements apply to larger companies. The Aqaba Special Economic Zone offers tax incentives and streamlined registration for qualifying businesses.

Crypto License Opportunities

Jordan has taken progressive steps toward virtual asset regulation. The Jordan Securities Commission (JSC) oversees cryptocurrency activities and has established a framework for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs). Licensing requirements include minimum capital, compliance programs, and qualified personnel.

The regulatory approach balances innovation encouragement with consumer protection. The Central Bank of Jordan maintains oversight of payment-related crypto activities. While the framework is still maturing, it provides clearer regulatory pathways than many regional neighbors.

Gambling License Framework

All forms of gambling are prohibited in Jordan under Islamic law (Sharia) and the Jordanian Penal Code. There is no licensing framework for casino operations, sports betting, online gambling, or lottery operations. This prohibition reflects the country's cultural and religious values.

Entrepreneurs seeking gambling licenses must look to other jurisdictions. This restriction is absolute and not subject to exception for foreign-focused operations or special economic zones.

Citizenship by Investment

Jordan offers citizenship through its economic naturalization program, one of the lesser-known but legitimate CBI programs in the Middle East.

Investment Options:

Bank Deposit: USD 1,000,000 five-year interest-free deposit with the Central Bank of Jordan.

Active Investment: USD 1,000,000 investment in small and medium enterprises, or USD 1,500,000 in larger projects, creating jobs for Jordanian nationals.

Real Estate: Certain real estate investments in designated development zones may qualify.

Processing Time: 3-6 months typical.

Family Inclusion: Spouse and dependent children may be included.

Jordanian citizenship provides:

• Visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 50+ countries
• Access to Jordan's healthcare and education systems
• Right to own property throughout Jordan
• Business establishment rights across all sectors
• Dual citizenship permitted

Important Notes:

• The program is discretionary and administered on a case-by-case basis
• Enhanced due diligence applies, with certain nationalities facing restrictions
• No published citizenship names, maintaining privacy
• The Jordanian passport provides regional mobility advantages

Considerations

Jordan's strategic location provides access to regional markets but also exposes businesses to geopolitical volatility in neighboring countries. Water scarcity and energy costs are ongoing challenges. The domestic market is relatively small, though the educated population provides quality workforce.

Banking access is generally good, with a developed financial sector. Professional services are available at reasonable cost. The monarchy provides political stability and consistent policy direction, though economic challenges persist including unemployment and public debt.

Free trade zones, particularly in Aqaba, offer significant tax benefits and simplified procedures. The government actively seeks foreign investment, with investment promotion agencies providing support. This jurisdiction suits businesses seeking Middle East market access, regional headquarters operations, investors seeking Middle Eastern citizenship, or manufacturing leveraging trade agreements for their business setup.